In the following, you'll be filling in the blanks with the appropriate terms (a list of these terms is at the bottom of the exercise). Completion of this exercise will help you to determine your familiarity with qualitative research. If you find the exercise difficult to complete, make sure and get a general research book (such as Polit & Hungler) and review the information on qualitative research.


>>>Some major types of qualitative research:

When one is interested in understanding the response of the whole human being, and is interested in the meaning of an experience for an individual, is one of the more appropriate qualitative methods to use.

A desire to understand the influence of culture on human behavior and health would lead a researcher to the use of an method.

The qualitative method that emerged from the discipline of sociology and that is useful for discovering what problems exist in a social scene and the process persons use to handle these problems is .

A basic principle held in is a valuing of women and their experiences, ideas, and needs.

is the method used when a researcher obtains data about events from the remote or recent past from records, artifacts or verbal reports.

When the object of study is a specific, unique, bounded system (a single individual or a single institution, for example), a approach is often the most useful method for collecting specific information.

Attempting to uncover distortions and constraints that impede free, equal, and uncoerced participation in society is an emphasis in .


>>>Qualitative research in action:

is the lead methodological technique used to aid the rigorous reflection that is required in phenomenology.

Glaser and Strauss are 2 names commonly associated with .

A key data collection method for ethnography is .

The goal of grounded theory is to generate a theory about a .

Arriving at of a phenomenon is commonly associated with phenomenology.

Habermas and Freire are 2 names commonly associated with .

In ethnographic research, insiders hold an perspective on the answers to research questions.

That people share common symbols and hold common meanings about these symbols is an assumption of .

is an important component of historical research.


>>>Matching the type of research with a purpose statement:

"... There have been no studies describing the process of adapting to body image disruption. A of reimaging is proposed, based on the experiences of 28 participants who had experienced significant weight change, loss or paralysis of body parts, ostomies, scarring from burns or trauma, or surgical reconstruction. . . Three phases, action processes, influencing factors, and outcomes of reimaging are described."

"... The author spoke with hospital cleaners about their jobs and their health. Several themes [from this study] emerged: the invisibility of the cleaning function, lack of respect for cleaners, representations of cleaning as undemanding, and assumptions that women's work in cleaning is particularly easy. . . There is a hierarchy in the status of Quebec hospital workers with curing (doctors) at the top, followed by caring and healing (nurses, therapists, and attendants), and hygiene (cleaners, sterilizers, and launderers) at the bottom."

"The purpose of this study was to investigate the observed failure of nurses and physicians to collaborate, and the underlying meaning behind this failure. . . Results demonstrated that distorted communication and nonmeaningful interactions were promoted by both nurses and physicians. Elements identified as contributing to more successful collaborative practices included a willingness to move beyond basic information exchange in nurse/physician interactions, the willingness and ability to challenge distortions and assumptions in the relationship, and a belief system based on critical self-reflection."

This "paper will begin by reviewing medical opinion on the value of chloroform in military surgery at the start of the war [Crimean War], and after examining the availability and use of chloroform during the war, it will conclude with an examination of medical opinion at the end of the war."

"The initial transitional year of professional practice is thought to provide the critical foundation on which new professionals build their expertise. The purpose of this study was to describe the experiences of new nurse practitioner graduates during their first year of primary care practice. . . A theoretical model was constructed that represents the transition to the primary care nurse practitioner role."

"Over the course of 1 year (13 menstrual cycles), data were collected on a daily basis using Likert-scale ratings of symptom presence and severity, as well as narrative journal entries. The participant [in this ] was a 37-year-old healthy woman ... with prospectively screened well-defined premenstrual symdrome, not on hormones or other drugs, and without a psychiatric history."

"This article draws on data collected in West Germany on the relationship of the social, political and economic context and the conceptualization, implementation and subsequent discontinuation of an experimental nursing program at the Free University of Berlin (FUB) in the early 1980s. . . Examples of oppressed group behavior, oppressor behavior, myths used to subjugate the oppressed, and a "banking concept" of education are given" in this study.

"The purpose of this study was to explore, using , the process experienced by parents who are dealing with the first recurrence of cancer in their child. . . Four interactive components emerged: regulating shock, situation monitoring, alternating realizations, and eyeing care-limiting decisions. The overall organizing construct induced from these components was labeled "coming to terms."

"The purpose of this "was to explore the day-to-day experiences of older people with symptomatic osteoarthritis (OA) and to discover if people in different socioeconomic strata differ in the ways in which they manage OA. . . The following four themes emerged from the data: refusing to give up, pragmatism toward treatment strategies, staying in charge, and tangible caring."